Hausrath, E. M. et al., (2022) An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero crater, Mars. PDS Geosciences Node. doi:10.17189/vnph-f562

This bundle contains supporting information for the manuscript:

"An Examination of Soil Crusts on the Floor of Jezero crater, Mars" (2023). E. M. Hausrath (1), C.T. Adcock (1), A. Bechtold (2), P. Beck (3), K. Benison (4), A. Brown (5), E. L. Cardarelli (6), 
N. A. Carman (1), B. Chide (7), J. Christian (8), B.C. Clark (9),  E. Cloutis (10), A. Cousin (11), O. Forni (11), T. S. J. Gabriel (12), O. Gasnault (11), M. Golombek (6), F. Gómez (13), 
T. L. J. Henley (14), J. Huidobro (15), J. Johnson (16), M. W. M. Jones (17), T. V. Kizovski (14), A. Knight (8), J. A. Lasue (11), S. Le Mouélic (18), J. M. Madariaga (15), J. Maki (6), L. Mandon (19), 
G. Martinez (20), J. Martínez-Frías (21), T. McConnochie (9), P.-Y. Meslin (11), M.-P. Zorzano Mier (13), G. Paar (23), C. Royer (24), S. Siljeström (25), M. E. Schmidt (14), S. Schröder (22), 
M. A. Sephton (26), R. Sullivan (27), N. Turenne (10), A. Udry (1), S. VanBommel (8), A. Vaughan (12), R. C. Wiens (28), N. Williams (6),  the SuperCam team and the Regolith working group. Journal of 
Geophysical Research: Planets, doi:10.1029/2022JE007433.

1 Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
2 Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Austria.
3 Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique, de Grenoble, University of Grenoble Alpes, France.
4 Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia, University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
5 Plancius Research, Severna Park, Maryland, USA.
6 NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109
7 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
8 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
9 Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA.
10 Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9, Canada.
11 Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 31400 Toulouse, France.
12 US Geological Survey, LLC, Flagstaff 86001, Arizona, USA.
13 Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.
14 Department of Earth Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
15 Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
16 John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel 20723, Maryland.
17 Central Analytical Research Facility and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
18 Nantes Université, Univ Angers, CNRS, UMR 6112, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, F-44000 Nantes, France 
19 Université de Lyon, UCBL, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France. N
20 Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
21 Instituto de Geociencias, Madrid, Spain.
22 DLR-OS, Berlin
23 Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria.
24 LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Meudon, France.
25 RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
26 Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK.
27 CCAPS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
28 Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

Martian soils are critical for understanding the history of Mars, past potentially habitable environments, returned samples, and future human exploration. This paper examines soil crusts on the floor of 
Jezero crater during initial phases of the Mars 2020 mission.  Soil surface crusts have been observed on Mars at other locations, starting with the two Viking Lander missions. Rover observations show 
that soil crusts are also common across the floor of Jezero crater, revealed in 45 of 101 locations where rover wheels disturbed the soil surface, 2 out of 7 helicopter flights that crossed the wheel 
tracks, and 4 of 8 abrasion/drilling sites. Most soils measured by the SuperCam LIBS instrument show high hydrogen content at the surface, and fine-grained soils also show a visible/nearinfrared (VISIR) 
1.9 micron H2O absorption feature. The PIXL and SuperCam observations suggest the presence of salts at the surface of rocks and soils. The correlation of S and Cl contents with H contents in SuperCam 
LIBS measurements suggests that salts present are likely hydrated. On the Naltsos target, magnesium, calcium and sulfur, and potentially sodium and chlorine, are correlated in PIXL, and Mg is tightly 
correlated with H for the SuperCam points, suggesting the presence of hydrated Mg-sulfates. MEDA observations indicate possible frost events and potential changes in the hydration of Mg-sulfate salts. 
Jezero crater soil crusts may therefore form by atmospheric deposition of Cl, and S, forming salts that are hydrated by changes in relative humidity and frost events, cementing the soil surface together. 

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