PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3 DATA_SET_ID = "MEX-M-MARSIS-5-DDR-SS-TEC-EXT1-V1.0" PRODUCT_ID = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME = 2009-04-22T14:00 RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH RECORD_BYTES = 80 RELEASE_ID = 0001 REVISION_ID = 0000 ^PDF_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1.PDF" ^ASCII_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1.ASC" ^PNG1_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU1.PNG" ^PNG2_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU2.PNG" ^PNG3_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU3.PNG" ^PNG4_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU4.PNG" ^PNG5_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU5.PNG" ^PNG6_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU6.PNG" ^PNG7_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU7.PNG" ^PNG8_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU8.PNG" ^PNG9_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU9.PNG" ^PNG10_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU10.PNG" ^PNG11_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU11.PNG" ^PNG12_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU12.PNG" ^PNG13_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU13.PNG" ^PNG14_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU14.PNG" ^PNG15_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU15.PNG" ^PNG16_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU16.PNG" ^PNG17_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG1.PNG" ^PNG18_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG2.PNG" ^PNG19_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG3.PNG" ^PNG20_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG4.PNG" ^PNG21_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG5.PNG" ^PNG22_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG6.PNG" ^PNG23_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG7.PNG" ^PNG24_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG8.PNG" ^PNG25_DOCUMENT = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG9.PNG" OBJECT = PDF_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOSPHERIC IMPACT ON MARSIS RADAR SIGNAL" DOCUMENT_FORMAT = "ADOBE PDF" DESCRIPTION = "A planetary ionosphere is a perturbing environment for radar waves. Unfortunately, it is an unavoidable obstacle along the propagation path of signals emitting by orbiting radar sounders. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) is an instrument onboard the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft. In order to deeply penetrate the surface, MARSIS operates at MHz frequencies for which the perturbations due the Martian ionosphere can be significant. Therefore, prior to any analyze, MARSIS data need to be corrected from the ionospheric effects. The aim of this document is to characterize the impact of the Martian ionosphere on MARSIS radar signals. This impact is a combination of three effects: Global absorption, phase distortion, and Faraday rotation. They are quantitatively described in the context of the ionized Martian environment and at MARSIS frequencies. Their relative disturbances on the received echoes are explained and discussed." DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = "BINARY" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 END_OBJECT = PDF_DOCUMENT OBJECT = ASCII_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOSPHERIC IMPACT ON MARSIS RADAR SIGNAL" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = ASCII DOCUMENT_FORMAT = TEXT DESCRIPTION = "A planetary ionosphere is a perturbing environment for radar waves. Unfortunately, it is an unavoidable obstacle along the propagation path of signals emitting by orbiting radar sounders. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) is an instrument onboard the European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft. In order to deeply penetrate the surface, MARSIS operates at MHz frequencies for which the perturbations due the Martian ionosphere can be significant. Therefore, prior to any analyze, MARSIS data need to be corrected from the ionospheric effects. The aim of this document is to characterize the impact of the Martian ionosphere on MARSIS radar signals. This impact is a combination of three effects: Global absorption, phase distortion, and Faraday rotation. They are quantitatively described in the context of the ionized Martian environment and at MARSIS frequencies. Their relative disturbances on the received echoes are explained and discussed." END_OBJECT = ASCII_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG1_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU1.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (1) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG1_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG2_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU2.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (2) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG2_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG3_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU3.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (3) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG3_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG4_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU4.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (4) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG4_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG5_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU5.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (5) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG5_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG6_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU6.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (6) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG6_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG7_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU7.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (7) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG7_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG8_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU8.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (8) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG8_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG9_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU9.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (9) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG9_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG10_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU10.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (10) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG10_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG11_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU11.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (11) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG11_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG12_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU12.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (12) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG12_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG13_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU13.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (13) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG13_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG14_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU14.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (14) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG14_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG15_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU15.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (15) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG15_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG16_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_EQU16.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Equation (16) from the document IONOPROCESS_REPORT1" END_OBJECT = PNG16_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG17_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG1.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 1. Three samples of electron density for Mars based on data collected by Mariner and MGS missions (see text for details). The ionosphere is significant above 100 km in altitude. Note that values fewer than 90 km were extrapolated [from Safaeinili and al., 2003]" END_OBJECT = PNG17_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG18_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG2.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 2. Total electron content as a function of the sun zenith angle. Values are plotted from MARSIS, Mariner 4, 6, 9, Mars 2, 4, 6, Viking 1, 2, MGS, and MaRS/MEX. The TEC decreases toward the terminator, and the ionosphere is negligible after SZA = 100deg [from Mouginot et al., 2007]." END_OBJECT = PNG18_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG19_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG3.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 3. Collision frequency dependence on altitude. See text for details. [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG19_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG20_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG4.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 4. Total attenuation due to one-way ionospheric propagation [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG20_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG21_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG5.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 5. A radar echo without and with ionosphere (fp =2.5 MHz). The radar carrier frequency is 5 MHz. [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG21_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG22_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG6.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 6. Map showing the distribution of crustal magnetic field sources on a map showing the distribution of craters greater than 15 km in diameter and the dichotomy boundary (solid line). [From Acuna et al., 1999]." END_OBJECT = PNG22_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG23_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG7.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 7. Cumulative probability distribution of the normal component of the magnetic field for the northern and southern hemisphere of Mars [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG23_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG24_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG8.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 8. Differential group delays for two circular waves with opposite polarization for three different magnetic field strengths [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG24_DOCUMENT OBJECT = PNG25_DOCUMENT DOCUMENT_NAME = "IONOPROCESS_REPORT1_FIG9.PNG" PUBLICATION_DATE = 2009-04-22 DOCUMENT_TOPIC_TYPE = "DERIVATION AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES" FILES = 1 ENCODING_TYPE = PNG INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = BINARY DOCUMENT_FORMAT = PNG DESCRIPTION = "Fig. 9. Faraday rotation for a case where the peak plasma frequency is 1 MHz with a profile similar to the one shown in Fig. 1 and a radial magnetic field intensity of 50 nT [From Safaeinili et al., 2003]." END_OBJECT = PNG25_DOCUMENT END