810-005, Rev. E
DSMS Telecommunications Link
Design Handbook

103
34-m HEF Subnet
Telecommunications Interfaces
Effective November 30, 2000

Document Owner:              Approved by:

-----------------------      -----------------------
S.D. Slobin        Date      A.J. Freiley       Date
Antenna System Engineer      Antenna Product Domain Service
                             System Development Engineer

Released by:
[Signature on file in TMOD Library]
----------------------------------
TMOD Document Release Date


Change Log
Rev           Issue Date               Affected Paragraphs       Change Summary
Initial       1/15/2001                All                       All


Note to Readers
There are two sets of document histories in the 810-005 document, and these
histories are reflected in the header at the top of the page. First, the entire document is
periodically released as a revision when major changes affect a majority of the modules. For
example, this module is part of 810-005, Revision E. Second, the individual modules also
change, starting as an initial issue that has no revision letter. When a module is changed, a
change letter is appended to the module number on the second line of the header and a summary
of the changes is entered in the module's change log.
This module supersedes TCI-30 in 810-005, Rev. D.
810-005, Rev. E
103
3
Contents
Paragraph                                                                                             Page
1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Purpose............................................................................................. 4
1.2 Scope .............................................................................................. 4
2 General Information .................................................................................. 4
2.1 Telecommunications Parameters....................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Antenna Gain Variation ........................................................................... 5
2.1.1.1 Frequency Effects............................................................................... 5
2.1.1.2 Elevation Angle Effects ........................................................................ 5
2.1.1.3 Wind Loading.................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 System Noise Temperature Variation................................................................ 5
2.1.3 Pointing Accuracy ................................................................................ 6
2.2 Recommended Minimum Operating Carrier Signal Levels................................................. 6
3 Proposed Capabilities................................................................................. 6
3.1 S-Band LNA Enhancement.............................................................................. 6
Appendix A, Equations for Modeling .................................................................... 21
A.1 Equation for Gain Versus Elevation Angle........................................................... 21
A.2 Equation for System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle ............................................ 21
A.3 Equation for Gain Reduction Versus Pointing Error ................................................. 21

Illustrations
Figure                                                                                                Page
1. Functional Block Diagram of Microwave and Transmitter Subsystem..................................... 15
2. S-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, All HEF Antennas ....................................... 16
3. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 15 Antenna, Non-Diplexed Path, Maser LNA Input ..... 16
4. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 45 Antenna, Non-Diplexed Path, Maser LNA Input ..... 17
5. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 65 Antenna, Non-Diplexed Path, Maser LNA Input ..... 17
6. S-Band System Temperature vs. Elevation Angle, Average for DSS 15 and 45 Antennas at LNA Input ..... 18
7. S-Band System Temperature vs. Elevation Angle, DSS 65 at LNA Input ................................. 18
8. X-Band System Temperature vs. Elevation Angle, DSS 15 Antenna, Non-Duplexed Path, Maser LNA Input .. 19
9. X-Band System Temperature vs. Elevation Angle, DSS 45 Antenna, Non-Diplexed Path, Maser LNA Input .. 19
10. X-Band System Temperature vs. Elevation Angle, DSS 65 Antenna, Non-Diplexed Path, Maser LNA Input . 20
11. S-Band Gain Reduction Versus Angle Off Boresight................................................... 20
12. X-Band Gain Reduction Versus Angle Off Boresight .................................................. 21

Tables
Table                                                                                                 Page
1. X-Band Transmit Characteristics ..................................................................... 8
2. S- and X-Band Receive Characteristics .............................................................. 10
3. Gain Reduction Due to Wind Loading, 34-m HEF Antennas............................................... 13
4. System Noise Temperature Contributions due to 25% Weather........................................... 13
5. Recommended Minimum Operating Carrier Signal Levels (dBm) .......................................... 14
A-1 Vacuum Component of Gain Parameters................................................................ 23
A-2 S- and X-Band Zenith Atmosphere Attenuation Above Vacuum (A_ZEN)................................... 24
A-3 Vacuum Component of System Noise Temperature Parameters ........................................... 24


1 Introduction

1.1 Purpose
This module provides the performance parameters for the Deep Space Network
(DSN) high-efficiency (HEF) 34-meter antennas that are necessary to perform the nominal
design of a telecommunications link. It also summarizes the capabilities of these antennas for
mission planning purposes and for comparison with other ground station antennas.

1.2 Scope
The scope of this module is limited to providing those parameters that
characterize the RF performance of the 34-meter HEF antennas. The parameters do not include
effects of weather, such as reduction of system gain and increase in system noise temperature,
that are common to all antenna types. These are discussed in module 105, Atmospheric and
Environmental Effects. This module also does not discuss mechanical restrictions on antenna
performance that are covered in module 302, Antenna Positioning.


2 General Information
The DSN 34-m Antenna Subnet contains three 34-meter diameter HEF antennas.
These antennas employ an elevation over azimuth (AZ-EL) axis configuration, a single dualfrequency
feedhorn, and a dual-shaped reflector design. One antenna (DSS 15) is located at
Goldstone, California; one (DSS 45) near Canberra, Australia; and one (DSS 65) near Madrid,
Spain. The precise station locations are shown in Module 301, Coverage and Geometry.
A block diagram of the 34-meter HEF microwave and transmitter equipment is
shown in Figure 1. An orthomode junction for X-band is employed that permits simultaneous
right-circular polarization (RCP) or left-circular polarization (LCP) operation. For listen-only
operation or when transmitting and receiving on opposite polarizations, the low-noise path
(orthomode upper arm) is used for reception. If the spacecraft receives and transmits
simultaneously with the same polarization, the diplexed path must be used and the noise
temperature is higher. The labyrinth used to extract the S-band signal from the feed also provides
simultaneous RCP and LCP operation; however, the presence of only one S-band low noise
amplifier (LNA) and receiver channel limits the use to selectable RCP or LCP.
In addition to spacecraft tracking, the DSN 34-m Antenna Subnet is also used for
very-long baseline interferometry and radio-source catalog maintenance.

2.1 Telecommunications Parameters
The significant parameters of the 34-meter HEF antennas that influence
telecommunications link design are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Variations in these parameters that
are inherent in the design of the antennas are discussed below. Other factors that degrade link
performance are discussed in modules 105 (Atmospheric and Environmental Effects) and 106
(Solar Corona and Wind Effects).

2.1.1 Antenna Gain Variation
The antenna gains in Tables 1 and 2 do not include the effect of atmospheric
attenuation and should be regarded as vacuum gain at the specified reference point.

2.1.1.1 Frequency Effects
Antenna gains are specified at the indicated frequency (f0). For operation at higher
frequencies in the same band, the gain (dBi) must be increased by 20 log (f/f0). For operation at
lower frequencies in the same band, the gain must be reduced by 20 log (f/f0).

2.1.1.2 Elevation Angle Effects
Structural deformation causes a reduction in gain whenever the antenna is
operated at an elevation angle other than the angle where the reflector panels were aligned. The
effective gain of the antenna is reduced also by atmospheric attenuation, which is a function of
elevation. Figures 2 through 5 show the estimated gain versus elevation angle for the
hypothetical vacuum condition (structural deformation only) and with 0%, 50%, and 90%
weather conditions, designated as CD (cumulative distribution) = 0.00, 0.50, and 0.90. A CD of
0.00 (0%) means the minimum weather effect (exceeded 100% of the time). A CD of 90.0 (90%)
means that effect which is exceeded only 10% of the time. Qualitatively, a CD of 0.00
corresponds to the driest condition of the atmosphere; a CD of 0.50 corresponds to humid or very
light clouds; and 0.90 corresponds to very cloudy, but with no rain. A CD of 0.25 corresponds to
average clear weather and often is used when comparing gains of different antennas.
Comprehensive S-band and X-band weather-effects models (for weather conditions up to 99%
cumulative distribution) are provided in module 105 for detailed design control table use.
Equations and parameters for the curves in Figures 2 through 5 are provided in Appendix A.

2.1.1.3 Wind Loading
The gain reduction at X-band due to wind loading is listed in Table 3. The tabular
data are for structural deformation only and presume that the antenna is maintained on-point by
conical scan (CONSCAN, discussed in module 302) or an equivalent process. In addition to
structural deformation, wind introduces a pointing error that is related to the antenna elevation
angle, the angle between the antenna and the wind, and the wind speed. The effects of pointing
error are discussed below. Cumulative probability distributions of wind velocity at Goldstone are
given in module 105.

2.1.2 System Noise Temperature Variation
The operating system temperature (Top) varies as a function of elevation angle due
to changes in the path length through the atmosphere and ground noise received by the sidelobe
pattern of the antenna. Figures 6 through 10 show the combined effects of these factors in a
hypothetical vacuum (no atmosphere) condition and with the three weather conditions described
above. The equations and parameters for these curves are provided in Appendix A of this
module.
The system noise temperature values in Table 2 include a contribution due to 25%
weather that must be subtracted for comparison with antennas that are specified without
atmosphere (hypothetical vacuum). Table 4 provides adjustments to the 25% weather operating
system temperature that were calculated using the weather models in module 105.
When two low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) are available for use, the amplifier in the
lowest noise configuration is designated as LNA-1. Under some conditions, LNA-2 may be
used, and the higher noise temperature values apply.

2.1.3 Pointing Accuracy
Figures 11 and 12 show the effects of pointing error on effective transmit and
receive gain of the antenna. These curves are Gaussian approximations based on measured and
predicted antenna beamwidths. Data have been normalized to eliminate elevation and windloading
effects. The equations used to derive the curves are provided in Appendix A.

2.2 Recommended Minimum Operating Carrier Signal Levels
Table 5 provides the recommended minimum operating carrier-signal levels for
selected values of receiver tracking-loop bandwidth (Bl). These levels provide a signal-to-noise
ratio of 10 dB in the carrier-tracking loop, based on the nominal zenith system temperatures
given in Table 2 and assuming 25% weather.


3 Proposed Capabilities
The following paragraph discusses capabilities that have not yet been
implemented by the DSN but have adequate maturity to be considered for spacecraft mission and
equipment design. Telecommunications engineers are advised that any capabilities discussed in
this section cannot be committed to except by negotiation with the Telecommunications and
Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD) Plans and Commitments Program Office.

3.1 S-Band LNA Enhancement
The existing S-band high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) LNAs at DSS 15
and DSS 45 and the cooled field-effect transistor (FET) LNA at DSS 65 are in the process of
being replaced with HEMT amplifiers incorporating a cryogenically cooled input filter. The
result will be a reduction in S-band system temperature (Top) at all HEF stations to 26 +/-2 K near
zenith, assuming a 25% average clear atmosphere.

Table 1. X-Band Transmit Characteristics
Parameter                           Value                 Remarks
ANTENNA
Gain at 7145 MHz (dBi)              67.1 +/-0.2           At gain set elevation angle, referenced to
                                                          feedhorn aperture for matched
                                                          polarization; no atmosphere included
Transmitter Waveguide Loss (dB)     0.25 +/-0.05          20-kW transmitter output terminal
                                                          (waterload switch) to feedhorn aperture
Half-Power Beamwidth (deg)          0.0777 +/-0.004       Angular width (2-sided) between half-power
                                                          points at specified frequency
Polarization                        RCP or LCP            One polarization at a time, remotely selected
Ellipticity (dB)                    1.0 (max)             Peak-to-peak axial ratio defined as the
                                                          ratio of peak-to-trough received voltages
                                                          with a rotating linearly polarized source
                                                          and the feed configured as a circularly
                                                          (elliptically) polarized receiving antenna
Pointing Loss (dB)                  
Angular                             See module 302        Also see Figure 12
CONSCAN                             0.1                   X-band CONSCAN reference set for 0.1 dB loss
EXCITER AND TRANSMITTER
RF Power Output (dBm)               73.0, +0.0, -1.0      Referenced to 20-kW transmitter output
                                                          terminal (waterload switch). Settability is
                                                          limited to 0.25 dB by measurement
                                                          equipment precision
Power output varies across the bandwidth and may be as much as 1 dB below nominal rating.
Performance will also vary from tube to tube. Normal procedure is to run the tubes saturated, but
unsaturated operation is also possible. The point at which saturation is achieved depends on drive
power and beam voltage. The 20-kW tubes are normally saturated for power levels greater than 60
dBm (1 kW). Minimum power out of the 20-kW tubes is about 53 dBm (200 W). Efficiency of the
tubes drops off rapidly below nominal rated output.
EIRP (dBm)                          139.9, +0.2, -1.0
Frequency Range Covered (MHz)       7145 to 7190
Instantaneous 1-dB Bandwidth (MHz)  45
Coherent with Deep Space            7151.9-7177.3 240/749 turnaround ratio
S-Band D/L Allocation  
Coherent with Deep                  7151.9-7188.9 880/749 turnaround ratio
Space S-Band D/L
Allocation
Tunability (Hz)                                           At transmitter output frequency
Phase Continuous Tuning Range       2.0 MHz
Maximum Tuning Rate                 +/-12.1 kHz/s
Frequency Error                     0.012 Hz              Average over 100 ms with respect to
                                                          frequency specified by predicts
Ramp Rate Error                     0.001 Hz/s            Average over 4.5 s with respect to rate
                                                          calculated from frequency predicts
Stability At                                              transmitter output frequency
Output Power Variation (dB)                               Across frequency band over 12-h period
Saturated Drive                     0.25
Unsaturated Drive                   <=1.0
Group Delay Stability (ns)          <=1.0                 Ranging modulation signal path over
                                                          12-h period (see module 203)
Frequency Stability                                       Allan deviation
1 s                                 3.3 x 10^-13
10 s                                5.2 x 10^-14 
1000-3600s                          3.1 x 10^-15
Spurious Output (dB)                                      Below carrier
1-10Hz                              -50
10 Hz-1.5Mhz                        -60
1.5 MHz-8 MHz                       -45
2nd Harmonic                        -75
3rd, 4th & 5th Harmonics            -60

Table 2. S- and X-Band Receive Characteristics
Parameter                           Value                 Remarks
ANTENNA
Gain (dBi)                                                At gain set point (peak of gain versus
                                                          elevation curve). See Figures 2-5 for
                                                          elevation dependency. Tolerances have
                                                          triangular PDF.
S-Band (2295 MHz)                   56.0 +/-0.25          Referenced to LNA input terminal (includes
                                                          feedline loss) for matched polarization, no
                                                          atmosphere included
X-Band (8420 MHz)                   68.3 +/-0.2           Referenced to maser LNA input terminal
                                                          (includes feedline loss), non-diplexed (low
                                                          noise) path, for matched polarization, no
                                                          atmosphere included
                                    68.1 +/-0.2           Referenced to maser LNA input terminal
                                                          (includes feedline loss), diplexed path, for
                                                          matched polarization, no atmosphere
                                                          included
                                    68.2 +/-0.2           Referenced to wideband HEMT input
                                                          terminal (includes feedline loss), nondiplexed
                                                          path, for matched polarization, no
                                                          atmosphere included
                                    68.0 +/-0.2           Referenced to wideband HEMT input
                                                          terminal (includes feedline loss), diplexed
                                                          path, for matched polarization, no
                                                          atmosphere included
Half-Power Beamwidth (deg.)                               Angular width (2-sided) between half-power
                                                          points at specified frequency
S-Band                              0.242 +/-0.020
X-Band                              0.0660 +/-0.004
Polarization                                              Remotely selected
S-Band                              RCP or LCP
X-Band                              RCP or LCP            Same or opposite from transmit
                                                          polarization
Ellipticity (dB)                    0.7                   Peak-to-peak voltage axial ratio,
                                                          RCP and LCP. See definition in Table 1.
S-Band                              <=1.0
X-Band                              <=0.8
Pointing Loss (dB, 3 sigma)
Angular                             See module 302        Also see Figures 11 and 12
CONSCAN
S-Band                              0.03                  Loss at S-band when using X-band
                                                          CONSCAN reference set for 0.1 dB loss at
                                                          X-band
                                    0.1                   Recommended value when using S-band
                                                          CONSCAN reference
X-Band                              0.1                   Recommended value when using X-band
                                                          CONSCAN reference
RECEIVER
Frequency Ranges Covered(MHz)
S-Band                              2200-2300 MHz
X-Band
Telemetry                           8400-8500 MHz
VLBI                                8200-8600 MHz         Wideband HEMT LNA
Recommended Maximum                 -90.0                 At LNA input terminal
Signal Power (dBm) 
Recommended Minimum                 See Table 5
Signal Power (dBm)
System Noise Temperature (K)                              For average clear weather (25% weather
                                                          condition) near zenith. See Figures 6-9 for
                                                          elevation dependency. See Table 4 for
                                                          adjustments to remove atmospheric
                                                          contribution.
S-Band (2200-2300 MHz)              38.1 (DSS 15, 45)
                                    44.1 (DSS 65)
                                                          With respect to LNA input terminal.
X-Band (8400-8600 MHz)
DSS 15                              19.8 +/-2             With respect to maser input terminal, nondiplexed path.
DSS 45                              20.2 +/-2
DSS 65                              20.1 +/-2
DSS 15                              28.9 +/-2             With respect to maser input terminal, diplexed path.
DSS 45                              29.3 +/-2
DSS 65                              29.2 +/-2
DSS 15                              44.8 +/-2             With respect to wideband HMT input terminal, diplexed path.
DSS 45                              45.2 +/-2
DSS 65                              45.1 +/-2
(8200-8600 MHz)
DSS 15                              35.7 +/-2             With respect to wideband HMT input terminal, non-diplexed path.
DSS 45                              36.1 +/-2
DSS 65                              36.0 +/-2
Carrier Tracking Loop Noise         0.25-200              Effective one-sided, noise-equivalent carrier loop bandwidth (BL)
B/W (Hz)


Table 3. Gain Reduction Due to Wind Loading, 34-m HEF Antennas
Wind Speed               X-Band Gain Reduction (dB)*
(km/hr) (mph)
 16      10                    0.2
 48      30                    0.3
 72      45                    0.4
* Assumes antenna is maintained on-point using CONSCAN or equivalent
closed-loop pointing technique.
S-band gain reduction is negligible for wind speeds up to 72 km/hr (45 mph).
Worst case, with most adverse wind orientation.


Table 4. System Noise Temperature Contributions due to 25% Weather
Location                 Noise Temperature Contribution (K)+
                         S-band           X-band
Goldstone (DSS 15)       1.929            2.292
Canberra (DSS 45)        2.109            2.654
Madrid (DSS 65)          2.031            2.545
+ Calculated using weather model in module 105.


Table 5. Recommended Minimum Operating Carrier Signal Levels (dBm)*
Receiver Effective Noise Bandwidth (BL) (Hz)
Band, LNA, and Configuration               Receiver Effective Noise Bandwidth (B_L) (Hz)
                                           0.25      1.0      2.0      20.0      200
S-Band LNA
DSS 15 and DSS 45 (HEMT)                   -178.8   -172.8   -169.8   -159.8   -149.8
DSS 65 (Cooled FET)                        -178.2   -172.2   -169.1   -159.1   -149.1
X-Band Primary LNA (MASER)
DSS 15 Non-Diplexed                        -181.7   -175.6   -172.6   -162.6   -152.6
DSS 45 Non-Diplexed                        -181.6   -175.5   -172.5   -162.5   -152.5
DSS 65 Non-Diplexed                        -181.6   -175.6   -172.6   -162.6   -152.6
DSS 15 Diplexed                            -180.0   -174.0   -171.0   -161.0   -151.0
DSS 45 Diplexed                            -180.0   -173.9   -170.9   -160.9   -150.9
DSS 65 Diplexed                            -180.0   -173.9   -170.9   -160.9   -150.9
X-Band Backup LNA (W/B HEMT)
DSS 15 Non-Diplexed                        -179.1   -173.1   -170.1   -160.1   -150.1
DSS 45 Non-Diplexed                        -179.0   -173.0   -170.0   -160.0   -150.0
DSS 65 Non-Diplexed                        -179.1   -173.0   -170.0   -160.0   -150.0
DSS 15 Diplexed                            -178.1   -172.1   -169.1   -159.1   -149.1
DSS 45 Diplexed                            -178.1   -172.0   -169.0   -159.0   -149.0
DSS 65 Diplexed                            -178.1   -172.1   -169.0   -159.0   -149.0
* Levels are referenced to LNA input terminals with nominal zenith system noise
including 25% weather.
* Bandwidths are centered about the received carrier.


Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram of Microwave and Transmitter Subsystem
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 2. S-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, All HEF Antennas
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 3. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 15 Antenna,
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 4. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 45 Antenna,
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 5. X-Band Receive Gain Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 65 Antenna,
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 6. S-Band System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle, Average
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 7. S-Band System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 65
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 8. X-Band System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 15
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 9. X-Band System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 45
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 10. X-Band System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle, DSS 65
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 11. S-Band Gain Reduction Versus Angle Off Boresight
(Figure omitted in text-only document)

Figure 12. X-Band Gain Reduction Versus Angle Off Boresight
(Figure omitted in text-only document)


Appendix A
Equations for Modeling
A.1 Equation for Gain Versus Elevation Angle
The following equation can be used to generate S-band receive and X-band
transmit and receive gain versus elevation angle curves. Examples of these curves are depicted in
Figures 2-5. See paragraph 2.1.1.1 for frequency effect modeling and module 105 for
atmospheric attenuation at weather conditions other than 0%, 50%, and 90% cumulative
distribution.
G(theta) = G_0 - G_0(theta - gamma)^2 - A_Z/sin(theta), dBi   (1)
where
theta = antenna elevation angle (deg.) 0 <= theta <= 90
G_0, G_1, gamma = parameters from Table A-1
A_ZEN = zenith atmospheric attenuation from Table A-2 or from Table 2 in module 105, dB.


A.2 Equation for System Temperature Versus Elevation Angle
The following equation can be used to generate S- and X-band system
temperature versus elevation angle curves. Examples of these curves are depicted in Figures
6-10. See module 105 for atmospheric attenuation at weather conditions other than 0%, 50%,
and 90% cumulative distribution.
T_op(theta) = T_1 + T_2*exp(-a/(90.001-theta)) + (255 + 25CD)(1 - 1/10^(A_ZEN/(10sin(theta)))), K   (2)
where
theta = antenna elevation angle (deg.), 6 <= theta <= 90
T1, T2, a = parameters from Table A-3
CD = cumulative distribution used to select A_ZEN from A-2 or from Table 2 of module 105, 0 <= CD <= 0.99
A_ZEN = zenith atmospheric attenuation for selected CD from Table A-2 or from Table 2 in module 105, dB.



A.3 Equation for Gain Reduction Versus Pointing Error
The following equation can be used to generate gain-reduction versus pointing
error curves, examples of which are depicted in Figures 10 and 11.
delta G(theta) = 10log(exp(2.773theta^2/HPBW^2)), dB
where
theta = pointing error (deg.)
HPBW = half-power angular beamwidth in degrees (from Tables 1 or 2).


Table A-1. Vacuum Component of Gain Parameters
Configuration and Stations              Parameters+
                                        G_0*(Transmit) G_0*(Receive) G_1        gamma
S-band, All Stations (Figure 2)         -              56.00         0.000006   42.0
X-band, All Stations (Figures 3-5)      67.1           68.27         0.00008    42.0
Notes:
+ G0 values are nominal at the frequency specified in Table 1 or Table 2. Other
parameters apply to all frequencies within the same band.
* Favorable tolerance = +0.5 dB, adverse tolerance = -0.5 dB, with a triangular PDF.


Table A-2. S- and X-Band Zenith Atmosphere Attenuation Above Vacuum (AZEN)

Weather Condition+            A_ZEN, dB*
                              S-Band                            X-band
                              DSS 15    DSS 45    DSS 65        DSS 15    DSS 45    DSS 65
Vacuum                        0.000     0.000     0.000         0.000     0.000     0.000
CD = 0.00                     0.033     0.036     0.034         0.037     0.040     0.038
CD = 0.50                     0.032     0.035     0.033         0.040     0.048     0.045
CD = 0.90                     0.031     0.034     0.033         0.047     0.059     0.053
Notes:
* From Table 2 in module 105
+ CD = cumulative distribution.


Table A-3. Vacuum Component of System Noise Temperature Parameters
Configuration and Stations                     Parameters
                                               T_1*          T_2            a
S-Band, DSS 15 and DSS 45                      36.1          8.063          63.45
S-Band, DSS 65                                 42.1          8.063          63.45
X-Band, All Stations, Maser Non-diplexed       17.55         1742           573.6
X-Band, All Stations, Maser Diplexed           26.65         1742           573.6
X-Band, All Stations, W/B HEMT, Non-diplexed   33.4.         1742           573.6
X-Band, All Stations, W/B HEMT, Diplexed       42.3          1742           573.6
Note:
* Favorable tolerance = -2 K, adverse tolerance = +2 K, with a triangular PDF